In my book Mastery,I propose a radical new way of looking at human intelligence and high achievement, countering the various misconceptions we have about talent and genius. I make the case that mastery is a latent power within us all, the gift of millions of years of brain evolution. It is a power that we awaken through a process that can be described and followed. It is not a power reserved for the intellectually superior, but a level of intelligence almost all of us can attain, if we understand where it comes from and work at it. The key lies within our own willpower and the intensity of our desire.
To complete this book required a lengthy journey that began with the work on my previous four books and ended with the writing of Mastery itself. I want to share with you the process that went into the creation of the book because I think it reveals an important lesson about the intelligence I describe in it and how far our willpower can carry us.
One day in early 2007 I had an epiphany. For the previous eleven years I had immersed myself in a study of the most powerful people in history. I had read one biography after another about great political figures, strategists, scientists, artists, and inventors. And on that particular day, as I was reviewing some old material, it finally struck me: all of these people—no matter their field, culture, or moment in history—followed more or less the same pattern or pathway to power. At first, I could see only the broad outlines of this, but as I thought about it more, in the days to come this pattern came into focus.
It goes like this: in childhood these high–achieving types experience a powerful attraction towards a particular subject or activity—math, music, games and sports. As they get older, this interest gets stronger, to the point of becoming an obsession. They end up following a career path that corresponds to this primal interest. Because the subject or activity stimulates their natural curiosity, they learn at a faster rate than others. They pay deeper attention and absorb lessons more thoroughly. While often still quite young they acquire a high skill level in this field, which makes them find more pleasure in the practice or training period, which leads them to practice harder. They tend to gain attention early on for their proficiency, which leads them to be given responsibilities or chances to practice what they have learned on a public stage. At this point, they enter a cycle of accelerated returns—more practice and experience leads to higher skill levels and more chances to prove themselves, more valuable feedback, and so on.
Inevitably a point is reached where they begin to experiment with what they have learned and become creative with their knowledge. Since they are often still young, they retain a freshness, and a somewhat rebellious attitude towards authority. They are not afraid to go against conventions. In the process of experimenting, they hit upon new ways of doing things or seeing the world. They become the ones who rewrite the rules they had learned so diligently in their apprenticeships.
At the endpoint of this process, these types reveal signs of a qualitatively higher intelligence. I call this intelligence high–level intuition. As opposed to mere hunches or anything mystical, this intuition is based on years of intense experience. They have internalized so much knowledge that they have a feel for their field. It has become hardwired into their nervous system. They can spot solutions or trends with great speed and fluidity, and this brings them tremendous practical power.
The epitome of this would be Napoleon Bonaparte. As a child he found himself drawn to games of strategy, and to books that presented examples of leadership in action. Entering a military academy, he was not focused on a military career and fitting into the system. Instead, he had an obsessive need to learn as much as he could about all aspects of the military arts. He read voraciously. The extent of his knowledge impressed his superiors. At a very early age he was give an unusual amount of responsibility. He learned quickly how to keep his cool, derive the right lessons from his experiences, and recover from mistakes. By the time he was given greater responsibilities on the battlefield, he had gone through an apprenticeship that was double or triple the intensity of his peers. Being so young, ambitious and disdainful of authority, when he was given leadership positions, he proceeded to effect the greatest revolution in military history, changing the size and shape of armies, singlehandedly introducing maneuver into battle, and so on.
At the endpoint of his development, he came to possess a remarkable feel for battle and the overall shape of a campaign. In his case, this became known as his infamous coup d’oeil, his ability to assess a situation with a glance of his eye. This made his lieutenants and rivals imagine that he possessed mystical powers.
This realization of a common pattern or path to power set me to thinking. We normally imagine those who achieve great things in the world as somehow possessing a larger brain or some innate talent, giving them the raw materials out of which they can transform themselves into geniuses and Masters. Based on my research and thinking this did not seem to be the case at all. Many of the figures I had studied were mediocre students; they often came from poverty or broken homes; their parents or siblings did not display any kind of exceptional ability. Their powers did not appear in their early years, but were clearly the fruits of intense labor. Although genetics might play role, it seemed to be a minor one.
What separates Masters from the rest of us is the degree to which they feel connected to their primal inclinations and natural interests. All of us have such inclinations. They are a reflection of our uniqueness at birth, the singularity of our DNA. As we get older, however, we tend to lose contact with this. We pay greater attention to what our parents or peers say, than that voice from within. When it comes to career decisions, we often think first of money and comfort. Masters do not lose their sense of connection and child–like curiosity. This fuels their intense desire to learn and sharpens their ability to focus.
The human brain, as it evolved over the course of millions of years, developed as a kind of lens for looking at the world. When we focus deeply on whatever is before us, we slowly gain greater powers of mental perception. We see deeper and deeper into things. We see the connections between phenomena. We awaken higher levels of intelligence. We are hardly aware of the powers we actually possess when we focus this lens. Masters awakens these powers through the intensity of their connection to what they are learning. Their willpower is engaged and all of their energies concentrated. Feeling connected and motivated, they are able to also develop patience when dealing with the drudgery of practice, persistence when confronting obstacles, and enough confidence to handle petty criticisms. Their powers do not reflect some freakish intellect or innate talent, but a profound emotional connection to their primal inclinations and their calling in life.
As I advanced these thoughts in the days and weeks after my initial realization, I became increasingly excited. Since time began people have been searching for quick fixes, for some magical way to power. They want to uncover ancient Secrets that reveal laws of attraction and success. They want formulas. All they come up with are ideas that are vague and impossible to exploit in the real world. Here, however, was something concrete and real. It was not so much a formula as a simple chain of events that are sparked by a critical first step—discovering your calling in life and moving in directions that maximize your child–like curiosity. From there, the proper focus is generated, and the path to creative and intuitive powers can unfold naturally.
Based on these thoughts, I decided I would write a book that would reveal this pattern and path to everyone. I would show how the brain evolved to bring us this higher intelligence and how each one of us essentially possesses latent mental powers that can be awakened through a process I would lay out. For that purpose, I would give readers a detailed roadmap as to how they could discover their calling in life, enter into an ideal apprenticeship and set off the cycle of accelerated returns. I would paint the creative, intuitive powers that can come to anyone who pursues this path over enough time. I would show how necessary it has become to possess these powers in the modern world. I would debunk once and for all elitist notions of genius and talent. In this book, I would show how certain choices determine our fate, and how far we can alter our circumstances through the intensity of our desire and willpower.
I sold the idea to Penguin in early 2008 and after completing The 50th Law, I began serious work on the project in early 2010. I saw the elaboration of the book in a series of steps—initial in–depth research on neuroscience, cognition, the evolution of the human brain, creativity, and high reasoning skills. Following this, I would consume biographies on as many iconic Masters in all fields as I could reasonably accomplish. To put everything in a modern context, I would interview as many contemporary Masters as I could, showing how this intelligence could be adapted to the 21st century. I would somehow combine all of this into one coherent book.
As I entered this process, however, I sensed a problem—the complexity of the project. I would have to draw upon books from many different fields and make many connections between disparate sources. Unlike my previous projects, there would be no single or small group of source books that would serve as a foundation—such as the works of Machiavelli or Sun–tzu. I would be exploring some unchartered territory, particularly when it came to high–level intuition. For the biographies, I would have to dig deeper than usual for what I needed, because a lot of the key material was buried in early childhood or teen years. For someone like Charles Darwin, I would have to read three or four books. The research on the contemporary Masters would require a lot of labor and time—finding and wooing them, setting up the interviews, going over the transcripts and incorporating the notes into the book research. On top of it all, I would have to find a way to actually shape and structure the book itself, from so many strands.
If I were not careful I would find myself overwhelmed by the material. I would not master the subject. This could weaken the book in several ways. Never quite feeling on top of it all, I would tend to resort to simple ideas and to some of my own pre–digested notions. I would rely too much on what others had written and would not be able to think far enough for myself. The book would not come to life. This could be deadly when it came to the chapters on creativity and intuition, which required me to be at the level of the subject.
Furthermore, this could lead to a debilitating cycle of tiredness. I had felt this on previous books and did what I could to fight it off, but inevitably near the end of the project I would grow exhausted. I would force my way to the end and then take a good four months to recuperate. Here, the dangers would be greater, considering the complexity of the project. So many books we read nowadays tend to peter out half way or two thirds of the way through. Writers begin with an exciting idea, which is reflected in the energy of the first chapters. Then, they get somewhat lost in the material. The organization of the book falls apart. They start to repeat the same ideas. The last few chapters do not have the same verve of the opening ones. It is hard to maintain one’s enthusiasm, energy and freshness over the course of months and years that a book requires. If I succumbed to the tiredness cycle too soon, the book could fall apart at precisely the most important part of my argument.
To help me avoid such a fate, I decided to conduct an experiment on myself. (I had conducted such experiments on previous books. With War, for instance, I took up several games in which I could test out some strategy ideas on a micro level.) For Mastery, the experiment would be conducted on two fronts—physical and mental.
that’s great. I feel so happy because you will be releasing a new book. I hope this is incorporate the deeper level of your Art of Seduction. I really love your books, The 48 Laws of Power.., Strategies of War but my favorite is The Art of Seduction. Understanding Seduction and manipulation is the key to War and Power. More books about seduction and manipulation will give people an advantage to advance power and higher chances to win the war.
Looking forward to read you next book.
Excellent (in a Mr. Smithers voice)
Loving the roll-out on this book. Cool stuff.
Will be waiting 4 this book 2 come out
Can’t wait!!
So is it sometimes too late for us to master what we should?
Robert,
Good insight on the writing process. Cannot wait for Part 2.
Thanks
Dilanka
This is amazing, I have been reading your books since I was 15, and you always manage to show me something about myself that is new.
Congratulations on finishing another book.
It seems like you are continuing to explore the subjects raised in your previous books but bending away from Power and towards Accomplishment or Completeness. I look forward to reading this, since it may address one of the core problems that arises throughout Power, Seduction, and War– namely, that while many of the historical protagonists achieve greatness, their greatness is often short-lived, and their life story ends with them executed, imprisoned, or beggared.
So a move to success rather than domination should be interesting and a more positive read.
Seduction’s “Charismatic” chapter left open the question of “can anyone obtain greatness” and I look forward to seeing your answer.
This guy is the enlightenment thinker of our era. Can’t wait to get my copy of MASTERY.
Intriguing premise.
Oftentimes I’ve been told that the great masters were far above and beyond mortal ken that we should not try and learn from them, that we should settle for less and be comfortable with what we already have.
Such elitist thinking seemed patronizing at best, and cynical at worst.
Thank you for pushing forth with this risky premise in today’s times.
Wow, reading this is like a reflection. I thought I was the only one these days who draws inspiration from biographies or sees the deeper stories being told in novels. I really enjoyed the 50th law, listened to the audio version daily on my way to a high finance institution and saw many of the same personalities that where described it. The 5oth sparked something great in me and helped me open my eyes again and see more clearly. I will be traveling on a completely different journey soon, but when I re-emerge “Power Seduction and War” will be on the top of my list of new reads.
Namaste may peace be in the hearts of all and God Bless,
Michael Grayson
Robert, i see you are getting more on the root in this book. I was sensing this eventually would happen. First with the laws of power then the books that proceed were always getting more deep, the fifty law was only about fear, yet a very primal and basic subject for power since fear is a powerful emotion that all of us carry and have such an impact on the way we relate to power. I was wandering, since the book about knowledge and skill, i know people will ask alot of questions to you like “Am i too old for search Mastery?” or something like that, and i know this people will receive a polite anwser from you, but the childhood is much that important? I mean, the mature brain seems to me that can carry so much learning than a child does, yet mostly of our inclinations came from childhood, i don’t know, i will wait to see how this came in to the book…
By the way, congratulations on the new book, the research is so much pleasurable, and you are a Master in dismounting people’s mind for sure.
Sorry for the probably errors that you may find in my comment, actually i live in Brazil and english is no my main language, but i am working on that. 🙂
I remember reading your first book as I was beginning the journey to build an investment fund. The characteristics you hint at in your post liken to the entrepreneurial process. Having taught at top business school in entrepreneurship, I tell the students that the process can feel at times like a living nightmare and that the only way to wake up is to accept the reality that you are in. Success in building a venture comes in the quiet of the times when you are consistently obsessed with it not because anyone says, but because it has become a part of your nature.
Well, I can say that your books are very well detailed. Gladwell is good at that as well. I am a writer myself and relate to the period of exhaustion mentally we somehow have to push through. I wonder what your method is. When I saw the title, I knew why you were choosing this particular subject. It should be brilliant. The only issue I have with these types of books is application is so…unpredicatable. Which is fun from a discovery standpoint, because you learn to better discern nature. The books do nurture, it then depends on what it’s being applied to and by whom.
this is great, look forward to it